摘　要：以海南島典型的熱帶山地雨林為對(duì)象,測(cè)定了森林循環(huán)不同階段林分斑塊內(nèi)的光照、空氣溫度以及土壤不同層次內(nèi)的溫度因子,分析了其日變化規(guī)律,討論了森林群落內(nèi)環(huán)境因子異質(zhì)性對(duì)群落內(nèi)物種共存和多樣性維持的意義.海南島熱帶山地雨林森林循環(huán)不同階段斑塊內(nèi)光照與溫度的日變化規(guī)律不同.林隙階段內(nèi)光照的強(qiáng)度及其變動(dòng)幅度都遠(yuǎn)大于其它3個(gè)階段,而且林隙內(nèi)不同部位光照的日變化規(guī)律也存在著明顯的差異.森林循環(huán)各階段斑塊內(nèi)光照強(qiáng)度及其變動(dòng)幅度的大小順序?yàn)榱窒峨A段(G)＞衰退階段(D)＞建立階段(B)≥成熟階段(M).不同斑塊之間的氣溫基本上呈現(xiàn)出M＞B＞D＞G的總趨勢(shì).不同階段斑塊內(nèi)土壤表面溫差變動(dòng)幅度的大小順序?yàn)镚＞D＞B＞M.不同階段斑塊類型在土壤不同層次中溫度的日變化不同,但各類型斑塊在同一時(shí)刻同一土壤層次內(nèi)的溫度差異大都不超過(guò)1℃.森林循環(huán)不同階段斑塊內(nèi)環(huán)境因子的時(shí)空差異,為不同生態(tài)特性樹(shù)種在群落中的共存奠定了基礎(chǔ).
關(guān)鍵詞：森林循環(huán), 環(huán)境因子, 小氣候, 物種多樣性, 熱帶雨林
分類號(hào)：S718.5　文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼：A

參考文獻(xiàn)：

［1］Watt A S. Pattern and process in the plant community. Journal of Ecology, 1947,35:1～22
［2］Denslow J S. Disturbance and diversity in tropical rain forests:the density effect. Ecological Application, 1995,5(4):962～968
［3］Everham III E M, Brokaw N V L. Forest damage and recovery from catastrophic wind. The Botanical Review, 1996,62(2):113～185
［4］Moloney K, Levin S A. The effects of disturbance architecture on landscape-level population dynamics. Ecology, 1996,77(2): 375～394
［5］Pickett S T A, White P S eds. The ecology of natural disturbanace and patch dynamics, New York :Academic Press, 1985
［6］Valverde T, Silvertown J. Canopy closure rate and forest structure. Ecology,1997,78(5):1 555～1 562
［7］Whitmore T C. Canopy gaps and the two major groups of forest trees. Ecology,1989,70(3):536～538
［8］Whitmore T C. Changes over twenty-one years in the Kolombangara rain forests. Journal of Ecology, 1989b,77:469～483
［9］臧潤(rùn)國(guó),劉靜艷,董大方.林隙動(dòng)態(tài)與森林生物多樣性.北京:中國(guó)林業(yè)出版社,1999
［10］Whitmore T C. Gaps in the forest canopy.In: Tomlinson P B, Zimmerman M H eds. Tropical trees as living systems. New York: Cambridge University Press,1978,639～655
［11］Martínez-Ramos M , Sarukhán J, Pi?ero D. The demography of tropical trees in the context of forest gap dynamics. The case of Astrocaryum mexicanum at Los Tuxtlas tropical rain forest.In: Davy A J , Huchings M J, Watkinson A R eds. Plant Population Ecology. London:Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1988.293～313
［12］臧潤(rùn)國(guó),蔣有緒,余世孝.海南霸王嶺熱帶山地雨林森林循環(huán)與樹(shù)種多樣性動(dòng)態(tài).生態(tài)學(xué)報(bào),2002,22(1):24～32
［13］Canham C D, Denslow J S, Platt W J, et al. Light regimes beneath closed canopies and treefall gaps in temperate and tropical forests. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 1990,20:620～631
［14］臧潤(rùn)國(guó),劉靜艷,辛國(guó)榮.南亞熱帶常綠闊葉林林隙小氣候初步分析.植物生態(tài)學(xué)報(bào),1999,23(增刊):123～129
［15］張一平,馬友鑫,劉玉洪,等.哀牢山北部常綠闊葉林林窗小氣候空間分布特征.北京林業(yè)大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào),2001,23(4):80～83
［16］余世孝,張宏達(dá),王伯蓀.海南島霸王嶺熱帶山地植被研究(I):永久樣地的設(shè)置與群落類型.生態(tài)科學(xué),1993,13(2):13～18
［17］Lertzman K P , Sutherland G D , Inselberg A, et al. Canopy gaps and the landscape mosaic in a coastal temperate rain forest. Ecology, 1996,77(4):1 254～1 270