古 研， 畢良武， 趙振東， 李冬梅， 王 婧
    （中國林業(yè)科學(xué)研究院林產(chǎn)化學(xué)工業(yè)研究所；國家林業(yè)局林產(chǎn)化學(xué)工程重點開放性實驗室，江蘇南京210042）
    摘 要：對比研究了溶劑法和水蒸氣蒸餾法制備馬尾松、濕地松和思茅松松節(jié)油的工藝，使用水蒸氣蒸餾法制得的3種松節(jié)油樣品均符合國家標準《脂松節(jié)油》GB/T 12901-2006的質(zhì)量指標要求。GC和GC-MS分析結(jié)果顯示，3種松節(jié)油樣品的主要特征組分有α-蒎烯、β-蒎烯、苧烯、β-水芹烯和長葉烯、石竹烯等，而且含量差異比較明顯。主要成分α-蒎烯與β-蒎烯相對含量之比分別為馬尾松松節(jié)油8.5、濕地松松節(jié)油2.0和思茅松松節(jié)油4.0，該比值具有非常明顯的差異性，其比值的大小有可能作為松樹樹種鑒別的一項重要判斷依據(jù)。
關(guān)鍵詞：馬尾松；濕地松；思茅松；松節(jié)油；標準樣品

中圖分類號：TQ351.472       文獻標識碼：A       文章編號：1673-5854（2006）06-0001-05
Study on Preparation and Characteristic Constituents of Turpentine Reference Materials
GU Yan, BI Liang-wu, ZHAO Zhen-dong, LI Dong-mei, WANG Jing
（Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products,CAF;  Key and Open Lab. on
Forest Chemical Engineering,SFA, Nanjing 210042, China）

Abstract: The preparation processes of turpentine from masson pine, slash pine, and simao pine were studied comparatively with solvent and steam distillation methods. The characteristic properties of three kinds of turpentine prepared by steam distillation method had all met the super grade requirements of China national standard——GB/T 12901-2006 "Gum turpentine". The analytical results of GC and GC-MS showed that the chemical characteristic compositions of three kinds of turpentine are separately α-pinene,β-pinene, linmonene,β-phyllendrene, longifolene andβ-carryophylene, etc. The obvious difference would be related to the relative content ratios of α-pinene and β-pinene, which are 8.5 (masson pine turpentine), 2.0 (slash pine turpentine), and 4.0 (Simao pine turpentine), respectively. The characteristic parameter difference of relative content ratio of α-pinene to β-pinene would be used as an important evidence for the identification of pine species.
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Key words:  masson pine (Pinus massoniana Lamb.);slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm.);Simao pine (Pinus kesiya var. langbiangensis (A. Chev) Gaussen);turpentine oil;reference materials